UPDATE – 6 Novemeber 2012: It looks like we’ve got a fix – thanks to Alastair Brown for reporting it. I would be so grateful for any help - can you advise me? I tried your suggestion for a SMC reset, but the CPU hyperactivity, the overheating, and the noisy fan persist whenever I try to run Outlook (not otherwise). Then, to my dismay, my MBP stopped working altogether – Apple Support advised me to return it to the dealer, who found that a cable to the hard-disk was burned out - they replaced it within a day and I got my MBP back intact. Then some days later, when the fix was released for SP2 (14.2.1), I again installed it, and then the problem of excessive noise and overheating has resumed.
After 5 days I removed MS Office completely and reinstalled it without updating to SP2 and everything was fine again. The CPU activity showed that Outlook was using approx.
My MacBook Pro (2.66 GHz, 8 GB RAM, 500 GB HD, OSX Lion 10.7.4) started to be very hot and noisy (fan) immediately after I installed the Microsoft Office for Mac Service Pack 2 (14.2) update specifically whenever I ran Outlook, despite no problem with Outlook prior to this.